1. Morin C, Kulkarni S. ED plaster-of-Paris jacket for infantile scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2014 Jul;23 Suppl 4:S412–8.
2. Mehta MH. Growth as a corrective force in the early treatment of progressive infantile scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Sep;87(9):1237–47.
3. Baulesh DM, Huh J, Judkins T, Garg S, Miller NH, Erickson MA. The role of serial casting in early-onset scoliosis (EOS). J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Oct-Nov;32(7):658–63.
4. Regan CM, Milbrandt TA, Stans AA, Grigoriou E, Larson AN. Minimum 5-Year Results of Elongation Derotation Flexion Casting for Early Onset Scoliosis: The Story Is Not Over Until Skeletal Maturity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023 Sep 1;43(8):475–80.
5. Fedorak GT, MacWilliams BA, Stasikelis P, Szczodry M, Lerman J, Pahys JM, et al. Age-Stratified Outcomes of Mehta Casting in Idiopathic Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter Review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022 Nov 16;104(22):1977–83.
6. Adamczyk J, Duda S, Kacki W, Jasiewicz B, Potaczek T. Serial Casting for Early-Onset Scoliosis. J Clin Med. 2025 Jun 18;14(12).
7. Fedorak GT, D’Astous JL, Nielson AN, MacWilliams BA, Heflin JA. Minimum 5-Year Follow-up of Mehta Casting to Treat Idiopathic Early-Onset Scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019 Sep 4;101(17):1530–8.
8. Hassanzadeh H, Nandyala SV, Puvanesarajah V, Manning BT, Jain A, Hammerberg KW. Serial Mehta Cast Utilization in Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Evaluation of Radiographic Predictors. J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Sep;37(6):387–91.
9. Fletcher ND, McClung A, Rathjen KE, Denning JR, Browne R, Johnston CE 3rd. Serial casting as a delay tactic in the treatment of moderate-to-severe early-onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Oct-Nov;32(7):664–71.
10. Demirkiran HG, Bekmez S, Celilov R, Ayvaz M, Dede O, Yazici M. Serial derotational casting in congenital scoliosis as a time-buying strategy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015 Jan;35(1):43–9.
11. Martin BD, McClung A, Denning JR, Laine JC, Johnston CE. Intrathecal Anomalies in Presumed Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: When Is MRI Necessary? Spine Deform. 2014 Nov;2(6):444–7.
12. Pereira EAC, Oxenham M, Lam KS. Intraspinal anomalies in early-onset idiopathic scoliosis. Bone Joint J. 2017 Jun;99-B(6):829–33.
13. Mehta MH. The rib-vertebra angle in the early diagnosis between resolving and progressive infantile scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1972 May;54(2):230–43.
14. Karol LA, Johnston C, Mladenov K, Schochet P, Walters P, Browne RH. Pulmonary function following early thoracic fusion in non-neuromuscular scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Jun;90(6):1272–81.
15. Sanders JO, D’Astous J, Fitzgerald M, Khoury JG, Kishan S, Sturm PF. Derotational casting for progressive infantile scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009 Sep;29(6):581–7.
16. Iorio J, Orlando G, Diefenbach C, Gaughan JP, Samdani AF, Pahys JM, et al. Serial Casting for Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Radiographic Outcomes and Factors Associated With Response to Treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Jul/Aug;37(5):311–6.
17. Waldron SR, Poe-Kochert C, Son-Hing JP, Thompson GH. Early onset scoliosis: the value of serial risser casts. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013 Dec;33(8):775–80.
18. Ulusaloglu AC, Asma A, Rogers KJ, Bowen JR, Mackenzie WG, Mackenzie WGS. Elongation-Derotation-Flexion Casting Treatment of Early-Onset Progressive Scoliosis in Skeletal Dysplasia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2022 Mar 1;42(3):e229–33.
19. Yang S, Andras LM, Redding GJ, Skaggs DL. Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions. Pediatrics. 2016 Jan;137(1).
20. National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP); European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP); Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA). Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers/injuries: clinical practice guideline. 3rd ed. Osborne Park: Cambridge Media; 2019.
21. Gefen A, Brienza DM, Cuddigan J, Haesler E, Kottner J. Our contemporary understanding of the aetiology of pressure ulcers/pressure injuries. Int Wound J. 2022 Mar;19(3).
22. Welborn M, Sanders J, D’Astous J. The Evolution of EDF Casting: Current Concept Review. JPOSNA. 2021 May 1;3(2).
23. Zhang N, Li Y, Li X, Li F, Jin Z, Li T, et al. Incidence of medical device-related pressure injuries: a meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2024 Aug 19;29(1):425.
24. Shafer C, Mahajan R, Kishan S. EDF Casting for Early Onset Scoliosis: What We Learned From 175 Castings. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2021 Jul 1;46(13):852–60.
25. Sugawara R, Kikkawa I, Watanabe H, Taki N, Tomisawa H, Takeshita K. Clinical Results of Corrective Cast and Brace Treatment for Early-onset Scoliosis: The Effectiveness of Long-term Cast Treatment That Extends into Children’s Schooldays. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Sep 1;41(8):e635–40.
26. Baky FJ, Milbrandt TA, Flick R, Larson AN. Cumulative Anesthesia Exposure in Patients Treated for Early-Onset Scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2018 Nov-Dec;6(6):781–6.
27. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns that early-onset/repetitive use of general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children may affect brain development. 2016 Dec.