1. Chantler C. The role and education of doctors in the delivery of healthcare. Lancet. 1999;353:1178-81.
2. Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, McKay T, Pike KC. To err is human. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000.
3. Brennan TA, Hebert L, Lair NM, Lawthers AG, Thorpe KE, Leape LL, et al. Hospital characteristics associated with adverse events and substandard care. JAMA. 1991;265:3265-9.
4. Gawande AA, Thomas EJ, Zinner MJ, Brennan TA. The incidence and nature of surgical adverse events in Colorado and Utah in 1992. Surgery. 1999;126:66-75.
5. De Vries EM, Ramrattan MA, Smorenburg SM, Gouma DJ, Boermeester MA. The incidence and nature of in-hospital adverse events: a systematic review. Qual Saf Health Care. 2008;17:216-23.
6. Corrigan JM, Kohn LT, Donaldson MS, Maguire SK, Pike KC. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
7. World Health Organization. World Alliance for Patient Safety: forward programme. Geneva; 2005.
8. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Boletins Informativo-Segurança do paciente e qualidade em serviços de saúde. 2013.
9. Proqualis/Icict/Fiocruz. Centro colaborador para a qualidade do cuidado e a segurança do paciente.
10. World Health Organization. World Alliance for Patient Safety, Taxonomy: The Conceptual Framework for the International Classification for Patient Safety: final technical report. Geneva; 2009.
11. Ministério da Saúde; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Documento de referência para o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2014.
12. Reason J. Human error: models and management. BMJ. 2000;320:768-70.
13. World Health Organization. World Alliance for Patient Safety, Taxonomy: The Conceptual Framework for the International Classification for Patient Safety: final technical report. Geneva; 2009.
14. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria MS/GM n. 529, de 1 de abril de 2013.
15. Debas HT, Gosselin R, McCord C, Thind A. Surgery. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; 2006. p. 1245-60.
16. World Health Organization. The WHO guidelines for safe surgery. WHO/IER/PSP/2008.08-1E.
17. Haynes AB. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:491-9.
18. Munigangaiah S, Davies-Jones GR. The relevance of World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist to spinal surgery. Med Res Arch. 2024;12(2).
19. Borchard A, Schwappach DL, Barbir A, Bezzola P. A systematic review of the effectiveness, compliance, and critical factors for implementation of safety checklists in surgery. Ann Surg. 2012;256(6):925-33.
20. Hales BM, Pronovost PJ. The checklist-a tool for error management and performance improvement. J Crit Care. 2006;21(3):231-5.
21. Conley DM, Singer SJ, Edmondson L, Berry WR, Gawande AA. Effective surgical safety checklist implementation. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;212(5):873-9.
22. Jiang F, Wilson JR, Badhiwala JH, Santaguida C, Weber MH, Wilson JR, et al. Quality and safety improvement in spine surgery. Global Spine J. 2020;10(1 Suppl):17S-28S.
23. Arjmandnia F, Alimohammadi E. The value of machine learning technology and artificial intelligence to enhance patient safety in spine surgery: a review. Patient Saf Surg. 2024;18(1):11.
24. Ambas J. Healthcare quality improvement strategies: a meta-analysis of their impact on patient safety and satisfaction. Med Stud Health J (SEHAT). 2024;1(2):175-86.
25. Garg B, Mehta N, Bansal T, Shekhar S, Khanna P, Baidya DK. Design and implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in elective lumbar spine fusion by posterior approach: a retrospective, comparative study. Spine. 2021;46(12):E679-87.
26. Sivaganesan A, Khan I, Pennings JS, Roth SG, Nolan ER, Oleisky ER, et al. Why are patients dissatisfied after spine surgery when improvements in disability and pain are clinically meaningful? Spine J. 2020;20(10):1535-43.
27. Kobayashi K, Ando K, Nishida Y, Ishiguro N, Imagama S. Epidemiological trends in spine surgery over 10 years in a multicenter database. Eur Spine J. 2018;27:1698-703.
28. Cortesi PA, Assietti R, Cuzzocrea F, et al. Epidemiologic and economic burden attributable to first spinal fusion surgery: analysis from an Italian Administrative Database. Spine. 2017;42:1398-404.
29. Thirukumaran CP, Raudenbush B, Li Y, Molinari R, Rubery P, Mesfin A. National trends in the surgical management of adult lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis: 1998 to 2011. Spine. 2016;41:490-501.
30. Baradaran K, Gracia C, Alimohammadi E. Exploring strategies to enhance patient safety in spine surgery: a review. Patient Saf Surg. 2025;19(1):3.
31. Fudickar A, Hörle K, Wiltfang J, Bein B. The effect of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist on complication rate and communication. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012;109(42):695.
32. Cabral RA, Eggenberger T, Keller K, Gallison BS, Newman D. Use of a surgical safety checklist to improve team communication. AORN J. 2016;104(3):206-16.
33. Brodano GB, Griffoni C, Ricci A, Giannone S, Ghisi DF, Gasbarrini A. Adverse events capture systems, checklists and teamwork as relevant tools to reduce complications and increase patients' safety in spinal surgery. In: Teamwork in Healthcare. IntechOpen; 2020.
34. Panesar SS, Noble DJ, Mirza SB, Patel B, Mann B, Emerton M, et al. Can the surgical checklist reduce the risk of wrong site surgery in orthopaedics? Supporting evidence from analysis of a national patient incident reporting system. J Orthop Surg. 2011;6:1-7.
35. Weaver SJ, Lubomksi LH, Wilson RF, Pfoh ER, Martinez KA, Dy SM. Promoting a culture of safety as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(5 Pt 2):369-74.
36. Tubic B, Finizia C, Zainal Kamil A, Larsson P, Engström M. Patients' experience of patient safety information and participation in care during a hospital stay. Nurs Open. 2023;10(3):1684-92.
37. Rose MR, Rose KM. Use of a surgical debriefing checklist to achieve higher value health care. Am J Med Qual. 2018;33(5):514-22.
38. Liu B, Liu S, Wang B, Liu W, Chen L, Zheng T, et al. Effectiveness and safety of implementing an enhanced patient comfort programme for elective neurosurgical patients: a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13(4):e063534.
39. Russ S, Rout S, Sevdalis N, Moorthy K, Darzi A, Vincent C. Do safety checklists improve teamwork and communication in the operating room? A systematic review. Ann Surg. 2013;258(6):856-71.
40. Seicean A. The effect of blood transfusion on short-term, perioperative outcomes in elective spine surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2014;21(9):1579-85.
41. Boniello AJ. Pre-operative autologous blood donation does not affect pre-incision hematocrit in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Int J Spine Surg. 2016;10.
42. Sethi RK. The Seattle Spine Team approach to adult deformity surgery: a systems-based approach to perioperative care and subsequent reduction in perioperative complication rates. Spine Deform. 2014;2(2):95-103.
43. Park CK. The effect of patient positioning on intraabdominal pressure and blood loss in spinal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(3):552-7.
44. Rajagopalan S. The effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on blood loss and transfusion requirement. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. 2008.
45. Epstein N. Impact of intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution on transfusion requirements for 68 patients undergoing lumbar laminectomies with instrumented posterolateral fusion. Spine. 2006;31(19):2227-30.
46. Walid MS. The role of drains in lumbar spine fusion. World Neurosurg. 2012;77(3-4):564-8.
47. Hamilton DK, Smith JS, Sansur CA, et al. Rates of new neurological deficit associated with spine surgery based on 108,419 procedures. Spine. 2011;36(15):1218-28.
48. Vitale MG, Skaggs DL, Pace GI, et al. Best practices in intraoperative neuromonitoring in spine deformity surgery: development of an intraoperative checklist to optimize response. Spine Deform. 2014;2(5):333-9.
49. Schoenfeld AJ, Ochoa LM, Bader JO, Belmont PJ Jr. Risk factors for immediate postoperative complications and mortality following spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(17):1577-82.
50. Godil SS, Parker SL, Zuckerman SL, Mendenhall SK, Devin CJ, Asher AL, et al. Determining the quality and effectiveness of surgical spine care: patient satisfaction is not a valid proxy. Spine J. 2013;13(9):1006-12.
51. Manchikanti L, Helm S II, Fellows B, et al. Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES9-ES38.
52. Bark P. Psychological aspects of patient safety. Routledge; 2011.
53. Øvretveit J. Understanding and improving patient safety: the psychological, social and cultural dimensions. J Health Organ Manag. 2009;23(6):581-96.
54. Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, Bergmann J, Iwamoto C, Bandeira D, et al. Risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(3):298-307.
55. Zemła A, Nowicka-Sauer K, Jarmoszewicz K, Wera K, Batkiewicz S, Pietrzykowska M. Measures of preoperative anxiety. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2019;51(1):66-72.
56. Suter E, Arndt J, Arthur N, Parboosingh J, Taylor E, Deutschlander S. Role understanding and effective communication as core competencies for collaborative practice. J Interprof Care. 2009;23(1):41-5.
57. Nasiri M, Kheirkhah F, Rahimiyan B, Ahmadzadeh B, Hasannejad H, Mohamad JR. Stressful factors, coping mechanisms and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2013;6(2):119-26.
58. Hsiang J. Wrong-level surgery: a unique problem in spine surgery. Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:47.
59. Irace C, Usai S. The nightmare of wrong level in spine surgery: a critical appraisal. Patient Saf Surg. 2012;6:1-3.
60. Lindley EM, Botolin S, Burger EL, Patel VV. Unusual spine anatomy contributing to wrong level spine surgery. Patient Saf Surg. 2011;5:1-7.
61. Binning MJ, Schmidt MH. Percutaneous placement of radiopaque markers at the pedicle of interest for preoperative localization of thoracic spine level. Spine. 2010;35(19):1821-5.
62. Madaelil TP. Preoperative fiducial marker placement in the thoracic spine: a technical report. Spine. 2017;42(10):E624-E628.
63. Naqvi AZ, Magill H, Anjarwalla N. Intraoperative practices to prevent wrong-level spine surgery: a survey among 105 spine surgeons in the United Kingdom. Patient Saf Surg. 2022;16(1):6.
64. Lopukhov EO, Frolov IA, Solovyev MA, Prokhorenko LS, Mishchenkov DS, Klimov DD, et al. Computer-guided navigation system efficiency evaluation using surgical instruments for spinal fusion. Int J Med Robot. 2024;20(6):e70033.
65. Vasudeva VS. Use of intraoperative ultrasound during spinal surgery. Global Spine J. 2017;7(7):648-56.
66. Huang M, Tetreault TA, Vaishnav A, York PJ, Staub BN. The current state of navigation in robotic spine surgery. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(1).
67. Cawley D, Dhokia R, Sales J, Darwish N, Molloy S. Ten techniques for improving navigated spinal surgery. Bone Joint J. 2020;102(3):371-5.
68. Kaplan DJ, Patel JN, Liporace FA, Yoon RS. Intraoperative radiation safety in orthopaedics: a review of the ALARA principle. Patient Saf Surg. 2016;10:1-7.
69. Rajiv S, Bohl M, Vitale M. Tate-of-the-art reviews: safety in complex spine surgery. Spine Deform. 2019;7(5):657-68.